solid fuel ignition burner and boiler, and, operation method of a solid fuel ignition burner

专利摘要:
BURNER AND BOILER WITH SOLID FUEL IGNITION, AND, OPERATING METHOD OF A BURNER WITH SOLID FUEL IGNITION A solid fuel burner is provided in an area with high temperature residual oxygen formed on the outer periphery of the flame is suppressed, so that the final NOx generation can be reduced. A solid fuel burner (20) is used in a burner portion of a solid fuel boiler divided into the burner portion and an additional air loading portion, to perform a low NOx combustion, and to load granular solid fuel and air in an oven. The solid fuel burner is provided with a fuel burner (21) in which the flame is held, and a secondary air-loading hole (30) in which the plate is not held. The air ratio of the fuel burner (21) is set at 0.85 or more.
公开号:BR112012001717B1
申请号:R112012001717-9
申请日:2010-06-07
公开日:2021-01-19
发明作者:Keigo Matsumoto；Koutaro Fujimura；Kazuhiro Domoto；Toshimitsu Ichinose；Naofumi Abe；Jun Kasa
申请人:Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to solid fuel ignition burners and solid fuel ignition boilers that burn solid fuel (pulverized fuel) such as pulverized coal. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Examples of conventional solid fuel ignition boilers include a pulverized coal boiler that burns pulverized coal (coal) as solid fuel, for example. Examples of this pulverized coal boiler include two types of known combustion systems, that is, a tangential burning boiler and a wall burning boiler.
[0003] Of these boilers, in the tangential burning boiler that burns pulverized coal, secondary air injection holes for injecting secondary air are arranged above and below the primary air injected by a coal burner (solid fuel burner) together with pulverized coal. , which serves as fuel, in order to adjust the air flow of the secondary air around the coal-fired boiler (see patent literature 1, for example).
[0004] The quantity of primary air described above must be sufficient to transfer the pulverized coal, which serves as fuel, and therefore its quantity is specified in a roller mill to pulverize coal to generate pulverized coal.
[0005] The aforementioned secondary air is blown in an amount necessary to form the entire flame in the tangential firing boiler. Therefore, the amount of secondary air for the tangential-burning boiler is usually obtained by subtracting the amount of primary air from the total amount of air required for combustion of the pulverized coal.
[0006] On the other hand, in a burner in a wall-burning boiler, it has been proposed that secondary air and tertiary air are introduced into an external side of primary air (to supply pulverized coal) to fine-tune the amount of air introduced. (see patent literature 2, for example). CITATION LIST PATENT LITERATURE
[0007] PTL 1 Japanese patent publication No. 3679998
[0008] PTL 2 Japanese patent application not examined, publication No. 2006-189188 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL PROBLEM
[0009] The aforementioned conventional tangential firing boiler has a configuration in which a secondary air injection orifice for injecting secondary air is provided above and below the coal boiler and thus fine-tuning the amount of secondary air to be injected through the air orifices. Secondary air injection cannot be performed. Therefore, a region with remaining high temperature oxygen is formed on the outer circumference of the flame, and in particular, the region with remaining high temperature oxygen is formed in a region where the secondary air is concentrated, to cause an increase in the amount of NOx. produced, which is undesirable.
[0010] In general, the conventional coal burner has a configuration in which a flame stabilization mechanism (for adjusting the tip angle, rotation, etc.) is arranged on the outer circumference of the burner and, in addition, injection holes for secondary air (or tertiary air) are disposed immediately close to the outer circumference of the flame stabilization mechanism. Therefore, ignition is carried out around the outer circumference of the flame, and a large amount of air is mixed in the outer circumference of the flame. As a result, combustion in the outer circumference of the flame progresses to a state of high oxygen and high temperature in the region with oxygen remaining from high temperature in the outer circumference of the flame and therefore NOx is produced in the outer circumference of the flame.
[0011] Since the NOx thus produced in the region with remaining high temperature oxygen in the outer circumference of the flame passes through the outer circumference of the flame, the NOx reduction is delayed, compared to that of NOx produced within the flame, and this causes NOx to be produced by the coal-fired boiler.
[0012] On the other hand, also in the wall burning boiler, since ignition is carried out on the outer circumference of the flame because of the swirling, this similarly causes NOx to be produced on the outer circumference of the flame.
[0013] In these circumstances, as in the conventional coal burner and coal boiler described above, in solid fuel burners and solid fuel boilers that burn pulverized solid fuel, it is desired to suppress a region with remaining high temperature oxygen formed in the outer circumference of the flame to reduce the amount of NOx eventually produced emitted by an additional air injection section.
[0014] The present invention was carried out in view of the circumstances described above, and an objective of the same is to provide a solid fuel burner and a solid fuel boiler capable of decreasing the amount of NOx eventually produced emitted by the additional air injection section by supply (weakening) of a region with remaining high-temperature oxygen formed on the outer circumference of the flame. SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
[0015] In order to solve the problems described above, the present invention employs the following solutions.
[0016] According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid fuel burner that is used in a burner section of a solid fuel boiler to perform low NOx combustion separately in the burner section and in a fuel injection section. additional air and which injects pulverized solid fuel and air into an oven, including: a fuel burner with internal flame stabilization; and a secondary air injection port that does not perform flame stabilization, where the air ratio in the fuel burner is set at 0.85 or more.
[0017] According to this solid fuel burner of the first aspect of the present invention, since the fuel burner with the internal flame stabilization and the secondary air injection orifice that does not perform flame stabilization are provided, and the air ratio in the fuel burner is set at 0.85 or more, the amount of air in an additional air injection section (the amount of additional air injected) is decreased, compared to a case where the air ratio is set at 0.8, for example. As a result, in the additional air injection section where the amount of additional air injected is decreased, the amount of NOx eventually produced is decreased.
[0018] The aforementioned decrease in the amount of additional injected air is enabled when the ignition in the fuel burner is intensified with the internal flame stabilization, employing the fuel burner with the internal flame stabilization and the secondary air injection orifice that it does not perform flame stabilization, and when the diffusion of air into the flame is improved to suppress a region with remaining oxygen formed in the flame. Specifically, since a region with remaining high-temperature oxygen formed on the outer circumference of the flame is eliminated and, furthermore, the intensification of ignition produces NOx within the flame to effectively reduce NOx, the amount of NOx that reaches the section of additional air injection is decreased. In addition, since the amount of additional air injected is decreased in the additional air injection section, the amount of NOx produced in the additional air injection section is also decreased and, as a result, the amount of NOx eventually emitted can be reduced. decreased.
[0019] Additionally, the adoption of the secondary air injection orifice that does not perform flame stabilization is also effective in reducing the amount of NOx produced in the outer circumference of the flame.
[0020] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, a more preferable air ratio in the fuel burner is 0.9 or more.
[0021] In the solid fuel burner according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the fuel burner inject pulverized fuel and air into the oven; the secondary air injection port is arranged above and below and / or on the right and left sides of the fuel burner and has an air flow adjustment device; and one or more dividing elements are arranged at a front of the fuel burner flow path.
[0022] According to this solid fuel burner, since the solid fuel burner, which injects pulverized fuel and air into the oven, is provided with one or more dividing elements arranged at the front of the flow path of the fuel burner , the dividing elements act as an internal flame stabilization mechanism near the center of the fuel burner outlet opening. Once the internal flame stabilization is enabled by the dividing elements, the central portion of the flame is deficient in air, and thus the NOx reduction occurs.
[0023] In the solid fuel burner according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the fuel burner inject pulverized fuel and air into the oven; the secondary air injection port is arranged above and below and / or on the right and left sides of the fuel burner and has an air flow adjustment device; and dividing elements are arranged in a plurality of directions at one end of the flow path of the fuel burner.
[0024] According to this solid fuel burner, since the solid fuel burner, which injects pulverized fuel and air into the oven, is provided with the dividing elements arranged in a plurality of directions at the front of the flow path of the fuel burner, crossed parts of the dividing elements, acting as the internal flame stabilization mechanism, can be easily provided near the center of the fuel burner outlet opening.
[0025] Therefore, in the vicinity of the center of the fuel burner outlet opening where the dividing elements intersect, the flow of pulverized fuel and air is disturbed by the presence of the dividing elements that divide the flow path. As a result, mixing and diffusion of air are facilitated even inside the flame and, in addition, the ignition area is divided, thus making the ignition position close to the central portion of the flame and decreasing the amount of unburned fuel. Specifically, since it is easy for oxygen to enter the central portion of the flame along the dividing elements, the region with remaining high-temperature oxygen in the outer circumference of the flame is eliminated, thereby effectively performing internal ignition. When the ignition in the flame is facilitated in the manner described above, the reduction takes place quickly in the flame, thus decreasing the amount of NOx produced, compared to a case where the ignition is carried out in the region with remaining high temperature oxygen in the outer circumference of the flame.
[0026] Note that, in this solid fuel burner, it is preferable that a flame stabilizer that is conventionally disposed on the outer circumference of the burner is eliminated, thereby additionally suppressing the amount of NOx produced in the outer circumference of the flame.
[0027] In the solid fuel burner according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the length of the ignition surface (Lf) constituted by the dividing elements is established greater than the circumferential length of the outlet opening (L) of the burner of fuel (Lf> L).
[0028] When the length of the dividing elements is established in the manner described above, the ignition surface determined by the length of the ignition surface (Lf) is greater than that used in ignition carried out on the outer circumference of the flame. Therefore, compared to the ignition performed on the outer circumference of the flame, internal ignition is intensified, thus facilitating the rapid reduction in the flame.
[0029] Additionally, since the dividing elements divide the flame in them, rapid combustion in the flame is enabled.
[0030] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the dividing elements are densely arranged in the center of an outlet opening of the fuel burner.
[0031] When the dividing elements, which serve as the internal flame stabilization mechanism, are densely arranged in the center of the outlet opening, in the manner described above, the dividing elements are concentrated in the central portion of the fuel burner, thereby further facilitating plus ignition in the central portion of the flame to produce and quickly reduce NOx in the flame.
[0032] Additionally, when the dividing elements are arranged densely in the center, the unoccupied area in the central part of the fuel burner is reduced, thereby increasing relative to the pressure loss in the dividing elements. Therefore, the flow rate of pulverized fuel and air flowing into the fuel burner is decreased, and faster ignition can be performed.
[0033] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the secondary air injection holes are each divided into a plurality of independent flow paths each with an air flow adjustment device.
[0034] The solid fuel burner thus configured can perform flow distribution in such a way that the amount of secondary air to be injected into the outer circumference of the flame is set at a desired value by operating the air flow adjustment device for each of the divided flow paths. Therefore, when the amount of secondary air to be injected into the outer circumference of the flame is properly established, the formation of a region with remaining high-temperature oxygen can be eliminated or prevented.
[0035] In the solid fuel burner according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the fuel burner inject pulverized fuel and air into the oven; the secondary air injection port is arranged above and below and / or on the right and left sides of the fuel burner and divided into a plurality of independent flow paths each with an air flow adjustment device; and a dividing element is arranged at a front of the flow path of the fuel burner.
[0036] According to this solid fuel burner, the fuel burner that injects pulverized fuel and air into the oven; the secondary air injection holes that are each arranged above and below and / or on the right and left sides of the fuel burner and that each have an air flow adjustment device, the secondary air injection holes each being divided into a plurality of independent flow paths each with the air flow adjustment device; and the dividing element arranged at the front of the fuel burner flow path are additionally provided. Therefore, the flow distribution can be carried out in such a way that the amount of secondary air to be injected into the outer circumference of the flame is set to a desired value by operating the air flow adjustment device for each of the divided flow paths. Therefore, when the amount of secondary air to be injected into the outer circumference of the flame is properly established, the formation of a region with remaining high-temperature oxygen can be eliminated or prevented.
[0037] Additionally, when the dividing element is provided at the front of the flow path of the fuel burner, it is possible to disturb the flow of pulverized fuel and air to ignite the flame. As a result, NOx is produced in the flame and is rapidly reduced in the flame, which is deficient in air, because the NOx produced contains many types of hydrocarbons with a reducing action. In other words, the dividing element can enhance internal flame stabilization to prevent or suppress the formation of a region with remaining high-temperature oxygen.
[0038] Therefore, in this solid fuel burner, it is preferable that a flame stabilizer that is conventionally disposed on the outer circumference of the burner is eliminated.
[0039] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable to additionally include a flow adjustment mechanism that applies a pressure loss to a flow of the pulverized fuel and air provided on one side upstream of the dividing elements.
[0040] Since this flow adjustment mechanism eliminates the diversion of pulverized fuel flow caused by the passage through a sigh provided in a flow path, it is possible to effectively use the internal flame stabilization mechanism constituted by the dividing elements.
[0041] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the secondary air injection holes are each provided with an angle adjustment mechanism.
[0042] When the secondary air injection holes are each provided with the angle adjustment mechanism, it is ideally possible to supply secondary air through the secondary air injection holes further out of the flame. Additionally, since whirling is not used, it is possible to prevent or suppress the formation of a region with remaining high-temperature oxygen, thus preventing excessive spreading of the flame.
[0043] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the distribution of the amount of air to be injected through the secondary air injection orifices is fed back in a controlled manner based on the amount of unburned fuel and the amount of oxide emission of nitrogen (NOx).
[0044] When this feedback control is performed, the secondary air distribution can be automatically optimized. In this control, for example, when the amount of unburned fuel is high, the distribution of secondary air on an inner side close to the outer circumferential surface of the flame is increased; and, when the amount of nitrogen oxide emission is high, the distribution of secondary air on an outer side distant from the outer circumferential surface of the flame is increased.
[0045] Note that, to measure the amount of unburned fuel, collected ash can be analyzed each time, for example, or an instrument to measure that the carbon concentration disperses from the laser light can be used.
[0046] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the amount of air to be injected through the secondary air injection holes is distributed between multistage air injections that make a region from the burner section to the additional air injection section a reducing atmosphere.
[0047] When the amount of air is distributed in this way, the amount of nitrogen oxide produced can be further decreased because of the synergy between a decrease in nitrogen oxide by suppressing the region with remaining high temperature oxygen formed on the circumference external flame and a decrease in nitrogen oxide in the exhaust flue gas, caused by the provision of the reducing atmosphere.
[0048] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the system for supplying air to a secondary coal fuel burner orifice is separated from a system for supplying air to the secondary air injection orifices.
[0049] When these air supply systems are provided, the amount of air can be reliably adjusted, even when the secondary air injection ports are each divided into a plurality of ports to provide multiple stages.
[0050] In the aforementioned solid fuel burner, it is preferable that the plurality of flow paths from the secondary air injection orifices be concentrated concentrically around the fuel burner, which has a circular shape, in an external circumferential direction in multistages.
[0051] The solid fuel burner thus configured can be applied particularly to a wall-burning boiler. Since air is uniformly introduced through its circumference, the high temperature high oxygen region can be more precisely decreased.
[0052] According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid fuel boiler in which the aforementioned solid fuel burner that injects pulverized fuel and air into an oven is disposed in a corner or on an oven wall.
[0053] According to the solid fuel boiler of the second aspect of the present invention, since the aforementioned solid fuel burner, which injects pulverized fuel and air into the oven, is provided with dividing elements that are arranged near the center of the opening outlets of a fuel burner and which function as an internal flame stabilization mechanism divide the flow path of pulverized fuel and air to disrupt its flow. As a result, the mixing and diffusion of air is facilitated even in the flame and, in addition, the ignition surface is divided, thus making the ignition position close to the center of the flame, decreasing the amount of unburned fuel. Specifically, since it is easy for oxygen to enter the central portion of the flame, internal ignition is effectively performed and, therefore, there is a rapid reduction in the flame, decreasing the amount of NOx emission.
[0054] In accordance with a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of operating a solid fuel burner that is used in a burner section of a solid fuel boiler to perform low NOx combustion separately in the burner section and in an additional air injection section that injects pulverized solid fuel and air into an oven, the solid fuel burner including: a fuel burner with internal flame stabilization; and a secondary air injection port that does not perform flame stabilization, in which operation is carried out with an air ratio in the fuel burner set at 0.85 or more.
[0055] According to this method of operating a solid fuel burner, the solid fuel burner includes the fuel burner with internal flame stabilization and the secondary air injection orifice that does not perform flame stabilization and is operated with the fuel burner air ratio set at 0.85 or more. Therefore, the amount of air (the amount of additional air injected) in the additional air injection section is decreased, compared to a case where the air ratio is 0.8, for example. As a result, in the additional air injection section where the amount of additional air injected is decreased, the amount of NOx eventually produced is decreased. ADVANTAGE EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0056] According to the solid fuel burner and solid fuel boiler of the present invention, since the fuel burner with internal flame stabilization and the secondary air injection orifice that does not perform flame stabilization are provided , and the air ratio in the fuel burner is set at 0.85 or more, preferably 0.9 or more, a decrease in the amount of additional air injected decreases the amount of NOx produced in the additional air injection section.
[0057] Additionally, once the region with remaining high temperature oxygen formed in the outer circumference of the flame is eliminated, and NOx produced in the flame, in which combustion of the pre-mixture that approaches the combustion is achieved, it is effectively reduced , the decrease in the amount of NOx that reaches the additional air injection section and the decrease in the amount of NOx produced because of the additional air injection decreases the amount of NOx eventually emitted by the additional air injection section.
[0058] Additionally, since the dividing elements arranged in a plurality of directions that function as the internal flame stabilization mechanism are provided in the outlet opening of the fuel burner, the flow path of pulverized fuel and air is divided to disrupt its flow near the center of the fuel burner outlet opening where the dividing elements intersect. As a result, since the mixing and diffusion of air is facilitated even in the flame and, in addition, the dividing elements divide the ignition surface, the ignition position is close to the center of the flame, and the amount of unburned fuel is decreased. This is due to the fact that it is easy for oxygen to enter the central portion of the flame, and internal ignition is effectively carried out with this oxygen and, thus, there is a rapid reduction in the flame, decreasing the amount of NOx produced eventually emitted by the fuel boiler. solid.
[0059] In addition, by adjusting the secondary air injection, the concentration of secondary air in the outer circumference of the flame can be prevented or eliminated. As a result, it is possible to suppress the region with remaining high temperature oxygen formed in the outer circumference of the flame, decreasing the amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx) produced.
[0060] Additionally, using a solid fuel burner operation method in which the burner is operated with the air to fuel ratio set at 0.85 or more, the amount of air (the amount of additional air injected ) in the additional air injection section can be decreased, thereby decreasing the amount of NOx eventually produced in the additional air injection section where the amount of additional injected air is decreased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0061] Figure 1A is a front view of a solid fuel burner (coal burner) according to a first embodiment of the present invention, when the solid fuel burner is seen from inside an oven.
[0062] Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of the solid fuel burner (vertical cross-sectional view) along the arrows A-A shown in figure 1A.
[0063] Figure 2 is a diagram showing an air supply system to supply air to the solid fuel burner shown in figures 1A and 1B.
[0064] Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid fuel boiler (coal-fired boiler) configuration according to the present invention.
[0065] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional (horizontal) view of figure 3.
[0066] Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing, in outline, the solid fuel boiler that is provided with an additional air injection section and in which air is injected in multistages.
[0067] Figure 6A is a view showing an example of the cross sectional shape of a dividing element in the solid fuel burner shown in figures 1A and 1B.
[0068] Figure 6B is a view showing a first modification of the cross sectional shape shown in figure 6A.
[0069] Figure 6C is a view showing a second modification of the cross sectional shape shown in figure 6A.
[0070] Figure 6D is a view showing a third modification of the cross sectional shape shown in figure 6A.
[0071] Figure 7A is a front view showing a first modification of a primary coal orifice of the solid fuel burner shown in Figures 1A and 1B, in which the arrangement of dividing elements is different.
[0072] Figure 7B is an explanatory diagram to supplement the definition of the ignition surface length (Lf) of the primary coal orifice of the solid fuel burner shown in figures 1A and 1B.
[0073] Figure 8 is a front view showing a second modification of the primary coal orifice of the solid fuel burner shown in Figures 1A and 1B, in which the arrangement of the dividing elements is different.
[0074] Figure 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration in which a flow adjustment mechanism is provided in a base of the burner, as a third modification of the solid fuel burner of the first modality.
[0075] Figure 10A is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a solid fuel burner according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0076] Figure 10B is a front view of the solid fuel burner shown in figure 10A, seen from inside the oven.
[0077] Figure 10C is a diagram showing an air supply system to supply air to the solid fuel burner shown in figures 10A and 10B.
[0078] Figure 11A is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid fuel burner configuration provided with a dividing element, as a first modification of the solid fuel burner shown in figures 10A to 10C.
[0079] Figure 11B is a front view of the solid fuel burner shown in figure 10A, seen from inside the oven.
[0080] Figure 12 is a front view of the solid fuel burner provided with side secondary air holes, seen from inside the oven, as a second modification of the solid fuel burner shown in figures 10A to 10C.
[0081] Figure 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration in which a secondary air injection orifice of the solid fuel burner shown in figure 10A is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism.
[0082] Figure 14 is a diagram showing a modification of the air supply system shown in figure 10C.
[0083] Figure 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a solid fuel burner, showing an example of configuration in which the third modification of the first modality, shown in figure 9, and the second modality, shown in figures 10A to 10C, are combined.
[0084] Figure 16 is a front view of a solid fuel burner suitable for use in a wall-burning boiler, seen from inside the oven.
[0085] Figure 17 is a graph of an experimental result showing the relationship between a flame stabilizer position in internal flame stabilization (flame stabilizer position / actual pulverized coal flow width) and the amount of NOx produced ( relative value).
[0086] Figure 18 shows views of comparative examples of a fuel burner, to explain the position of the flame stabilizer indicated in the graph shown in figure 17.
[0087] Figure 19 is a graph of an experimental result showing the relationship between divided occupation and the amount of NOx produced (relative value).
[0088] Figure 20 is a graph of an experimental result showing the relative values of the amounts of unburned fuel produced with division in one direction and with cross division.
[0089] Figure 21 is a graph of an experimental result showing relative values of the NOx quantities produced in a burner section, in a region between the burner section and an AA section, and in the AA section, comparing a conventional technology and the present invention.
[0090] Figure 22 is a graph of an experimental result showing the relationship between the air ratio in the region between the burner section and the AA section and the amount of NOx produced (relative value), comparing a conventional technology to the present one. invention. DESCRIPTION OF MODALITIES
[0091] A solid fuel burner and a solid fuel boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. Note that, in this modality, as an example of the solid fuel burner and the solid fuel boiler, a tangential burning boiler provided with solid fuel burners that uses pulverized coal (pulverized solid fuel coal) as fuel will be described, but this invention is not limited to this.
[0092] A tangential firing boiler 10 shown in figures 3 to 5 inject air into a multistage oven 11 to turn a region from one section of the burner 12 to an additional air injection section (hereinafter referred to as "section AA ") 14 a reducing atmosphere, thereby obtaining a decrease in NOx in the exhaust flue gas.
[0093] In the drawings, reference number 20 denotes solid fuel burners that inject pulverized coal (pulverized solid fuel) and air, and reference number 15 denotes additional air injection nozzles that inject additional air. For example, as shown in figure 3, pulverized coal mixed air transfer tubes 16 that transfer pulverized coal through the primary air and an air supply duct 17 that supplies secondary air are connected to the solid fuel burners 20, and the duct air supply 17, which supplies secondary air, is connected to the additional air injection nozzles 15.
[0094] In this way, the aforementioned tangential firing boiler 10 employs a tangential firing system in which solid fuel burners 20, which inject pulverized coal (coal), which serves as pulverized fuel, and air in the furnace 11, are disposed in the respective corner portions in each stage to constitute the section of the tangential burning type 12 burner, and one or more swirling flames are formed in each stage. First modality
[0095] The solid fuel burner 20 shown in figures 1A and 1B includes a pulverized coal burner (fuel burner) 21 that injects pulverized coal and air and secondary air injection holes 30 that are arranged above and below the fuel burner pulverized coal 21.
[0096] In order to allow adjustment of the air flow in each orifice, the secondary air injection holes 30 are provided with air registers 40 that can adjust the opening degrees of the same, as an air flow adjustment device, on each branching secondary air supply line of air supply duct 17, as shown in figure 2, for example.
[0097] The aforementioned pulverized coal burner 21 includes a rectangular primary coal orifice 22 that injects pulverized coal transferred by the primary air and a secondary coal orifice 23 that is provided so as to surround the primary coal orifice 22 and which injects part secondary air. Note that the secondary coal orifice 23 is also provided with an air register 40 that can adjust the degree of opening thereof, as an air flow adjustment device, as shown in figure 2. Note that the primary coal orifice 22 it can have a circular shape or an elliptical shape.
[0098] In a front part of the flow path of the pulverized coal burner 21, specifically, in a front part of the flow path of the primary coal orifice 22, dividing elements 24 are arranged in a plurality of directions. For example, as shown in figure 1A, a total of four dividing elements 24 are arranged, two vertically and two horizontally, in a grid-like pattern with a predetermined gap between them in an outlet opening of the primary coal orifice 22.
[0099] In other words, the four dividing elements 24 are arranged in two different directions, that is, the vertical and horizontal directions, in a grid-like pattern, thereby dividing the outlet opening of the primary coal orifice 22 of the gas burner. pulverized coal 21 in nine portions.
[00100] When the dividing elements described above 24 employ the cross sectional shapes shown in figures 6A to 6D, for example, the flow of pulverized coal and air can be smoothly divided and disturbed.
[00101] The dividing element 24 shown in figure 6A has a triangular shape in cross section. The triangular shape shown in the figure is an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle, and one side of it positioned at the outlet facing inside the oven 11 is located so as to be approximately perpendicular to the direction of flow of pulverized coal and air. In other words, one of the angles that make up the triangular shape in cross section faces the direction of flow of pulverized coal and air.
[00102] A dividing element 24A shown in figure 6B has an approximately T shape in cross section, and a surface thereof that is approximately perpendicular to the direction of flow of pulverized coal and air is located at the outlet facing the furnace 11. Note that this approximately T shape in cross section can be deformed to form a dividing element 24A 'with a trapezoidal shape in cross section, as shown in figure 6C, for example.
[00103] Additionally, a dividing element 24B shown in figure 6D is approximately L-shaped in cross section. Specifically, it has a cross-sectional shape obtained by cutting a portion of the approximately described T shape above. In particular, in a case where the dividing element 24B is arranged in a right and left (horizontal) direction, if the dividing element 24B has an approximately L-shaped shape obtained by removing an upper, approximately T-shaped protruding upper portion, it is possible to prevent pulverized coal from accumulating on the dividing element 24B. Note that when a lower protruding portion of it is enlarged by an amount equal to the upper protruding portion removed, the necessary divisive performance for the dividing element 24B can be guaranteed.
[00104] However, the above-described cross-sectional shapes of the dividing elements 24 etc. they are not limited to the examples shown in the figures; they can be roughly a form of Y, for example.
[00105] In the solid fuel burner thus configured 20, the dividing elements 24 disposed close to the center of the pulverized coal burner outlet opening 21 divide the pulverized coal and air flow path to disturb its flow, forming a region of recirculation in front of the dividing elements 24, thus serving as an internal flame stabilization mechanism.
[00106] In general, in a conventional solid fuel burner, pulverized coal, which serves as fuel, is ignited when receiving radiation in the outer circumference of the flame. When pulverized coal is ignited on the outer circumference of the flame, NOx is produced in a region with remaining high temperature oxygen H (see figure 1B) on the outer circumference of the flame where oxygen at high temperature remains, and remains insufficiently reduced, thereby increasing the amount of NOx emission.
[00107] However, once the dividing elements 24 that serve as the internal flame stabilization mechanism are provided, the pulverized coal is ignited in the flame. Thus, NOx is produced in the flame and is rapidly reduced in the flame, which is deficient in air, because the NOx produced in the flame contains many types of hydrocarbons with a reducing action. Therefore, since the solid fuel burner 20 is structured in such a way that flame stabilization carried out by the provision of a flame stabilizer on the outer flame circumference is not employed, in other words, in such a way that a flame stabilization mechanism flame is not disposed in the outer circumference of the burner, it is also possible to suppress NOx production in the outer circumference of the flame.
[00108] In particular, since the dividing elements 24 are arranged in a plurality of directions, crossed parts in which the dividing elements 24 arranged in the different directions intersect are easily provided near the center of the pulverized coal burner outlet opening. 21. When such cross parts are provided near the center of the pulverized coal burner outlet opening 21, the pulverized coal and air flow path is divided into a plurality of paths near the center of the pulverized coal burner outlet opening. 21, thereby disturbing its flow when the flow is divided into a plurality of flows.
[00109] Specifically, if the dividing elements 24 are arranged in a horizontal direction, air diffusion and ignition in a central portion are delayed, causing an increase in the amount of unburned fuel; however, if the dividing elements 24 are arranged in a plurality of directions to form the crossed parts, the mixing of air is facilitated, and the ignition surface is divided, thereby facilitating the air (oxygen) to go to the central portion of the flame. , resulting in a decrease in the amount of unburned fuel.
[00110] In other words, when the dividing elements 24 are arranged in such a way as to form the crossed parts, the mixing and diffusion of air are facilitated even inside the flame and, in addition, the ignition surface is divided, thus making the position ignition zone is close to the central portion (central axial portion) of the flame and decreasing the amount of unburned pulverized coal. Specifically, since it is easy for oxygen to enter the central portion of the flame, the internal ignition is effectively carried out and, thus, there is a rapid reduction in the flame, decreasing the amount of NOx produced.
[00111] As a result, it becomes easier to suppress NOx production in the outer circumference of the flame using the solid fuel burner 20 that does not employ flame stabilization carried out by a flame stabilizer disposed in the outer circumference of the flame and that does not has a flame stabilizer on the outer circumference of the flame.
[00112] Next, a first modification of the primary coal orifice 22 of the solid fuel burner 20, shown in figure 1A, will be described on the basis of figures 7A and 7B, in which the arrangement of the dividing elements 24 is different.
[00113] In this modification, at the front of the flow path of the primary coal orifice 22, two dividing elements 24 are arranged in the vertical direction of their outlet opening, and a dividing element 24 is arranged in the horizontal direction of their outlet opening .
[00114] The dividing elements 24 shown in the figures are structured in such a way that the length of the ignition surface (Lf) constituted by the dividing elements 24 is greater than the circumferential length of the outlet opening (L) of the primary coal orifice 22 that it constitutes the pulverized coal burner 21 (Lf> L).
[00115] Here, since the circumferential length of the outlet opening (L) of the primary coal hole 22 is the sum of the lengths of four sides that make up the rectangle, it is expressed by L = 2H + 2W, where H indicates the vertical dimension, and W indicates the horizontal dimension.
[00116] On the other hand, since each divider element 24, which has a certain width, has ignition surfaces on both sides, the length of the ignition surface (Lf) of the divider elements 24, which is the total length of both sides of each of the three dividing elements 24, is expressed by Lf = 6S, where S indicates the length of the dividing element 24. In this case, since the length of the smaller dividing element 24 which is arranged in the vertical direction is used as the length S, the calculated length of the ignition surface (Lf) is an estimated value erring on the safe side, even if the presence of the crossed parts is taken into account.
[00117] Note that when calculating the length of the ignition surface (Lf), if a divider element 24 'which is structured to have narrow parts 24a at both ends because of a method of fabricating the divider element or the like is used , as shown in figure 7B, for example, the narrow parts 24a at both ends are also considered part of the ignition surface.
[00118] When the length of the dividing element 24 is specified in the manner described above, the ignition surface determined by the length of the ignition surface (Lf) is greater than that used in ignition carried out on the outer circumference of the flame. Therefore, compared to the ignition performed on the outer circumference of the flame determined by the circumferential length of the outlet opening (L), internal ignition determined by the length of the ignition surface (Lf) is intensified, thus allowing a rapid reduction of NOx produced in the flame.
[00119] Additionally, since the dividing elements 24 divide the flame, it is easy for air (oxygen) to go to the central portion of the flame and, thus, rapid combustion in the flame can decrease the amount of unburned fuel.
[00120] Next, a second modification of the primary coal orifice 22 of the solid fuel burner 20, shown in figure 1A, will be described based on figure 8, in which the arrangement of the dividing elements 24 is different.
[00121] In this modification, five dividing elements 24 are arranged in a grid-like pattern densely in the center of the outlet opening of the primary coal orifice 22 of the fuel burner 21. Specifically, the dividing elements 24, three of which are arranged in the direction vertical and two of which are arranged in the horizontal direction, are arranged with the clearances between them being narrowed in the center of the primary coal hole 22. Therefore, central portions of the outlet opening of the primary coal hole 22, divided by the dividing elements 24, have smaller areas than other portions on their outer circumferential side.
[00122] In this way, when the dividing elements 24, which serve as the internal flame stabilization mechanism, are densely arranged in the center of the primary coal orifice 22, the dividing elements 24 are concentrated in the central portion of the pulverized coal burner 21 , thereby further facilitating ignition in the central portion of the flame to quickly produce and reduce NOx in the flame.
[00123] Additionally, when the dividing elements 24 are arranged densely in the center, the unoccupied area in the central part of the pulverized coal burner 21 is reduced. Specifically, since the ratio of pulverized coal and air passing through the cross sectional area of a flow path that is practically straight without any obstacle with respect to those flowing into the primary coal orifice 22 of the pulverized coal burner 21 is decreased, the pressure loss in the dividing elements 24 is relatively increased. Therefore, in the fuel burner 21, since the flow rate of pulverized coal and air flowing into the primary coal orifice 22 is decreased by the influence of an increase in pressure loss, a faster ignition can be carried out.
[00124] Next, an example of configuration according to a third modification of the primary coal orifice 22 of the solid fuel burner 20, shown in figure 1A, will be described based on figure 9, in which a flow adjustment mechanism is provided on a burner base. Note that the configuration example shown in the figure employs the dividing elements 24A with an approximately T shape in cross section, but their shape is not limited to this.
[00125] In this configuration example, in order to apply pressure loss to a flow of pulverized coal and air, a flow adjustment mechanism 25 is provided on one side upstream of the dividing elements 24A. The flow adjustment mechanism 25 prevents flow deviation in one direction of the orifice cross section, and it is effective to have an orifice or venturi that can restrict the cross sectional area of the flow path to approximately 2/3, preferably approximately 1 / 2, for example.
[00126] The flow adjustment mechanism 25 can have any structure, as long as it can apply a certain pressure loss in a powder transfer flow that transfers pulverized coal, which serves as fuel, through the primary air and, therefore, the flow adjustment mechanism 25 is not limited to an orifice.
[00127] Additionally, the aforementioned flow adjustment mechanism 25 is not necessarily formed as a part of the solid fuel burner 20 and only needs to be arranged, on the upstream side of the dividing element 24A, in a portion of the final straight pipe (portion flow path without a sigh, an air register, etc.) in the flow path in which pulverized coal and primary air flow.
[00128] When the flow adjustment mechanism 25 is an orifice, it is preferable to provide a portion of straight tube (Lo) that extends from the outlet end of the orifice to the outlet of the primary coal orifice 22, specifically, up to the inlet ends of the dividing elements 24A in order to eliminate the influence of the orifice. It is necessary to ensure that the length of the straight pipe portion (Lo) is at least 2h or more, where h indicates the height of the primary coal hole 22 and, more preferably, that the length of the straight pipe portion (Lo) is 10h or more.
[00129] When this flow adjustment mechanism 25 is provided, it is possible to eliminate flow deviation in which an imbalance is caused in the distribution in a cross section of the flow path when pulverized coal, which serves as pulverized fuel, is influenced by a centrifugal force after passing through a sigh provided in the flow path to supply the pulverized coal and primary air to the primary coal orifice 22.
[00130] Specifically, although the pulverized coal transferred by the primary air has, after passing through the vent, an outward distribution deviation (in the direction of increasing the diameter of the vent), when the pulverized coal passes through the flow adjustment mechanism 25, the distribution in a cross section of the flow path is eliminated, and the pulverized coal flows to the dividing elements 24A almost uniformly. As a result, the pulverized coal burner 21 with the flow adjustment mechanism 25 can effectively use the internal flame stabilization mechanism constituted by the dividing elements 24A.
[00131] Additionally, in the modality and its modifications described above, the dividing elements 24 are arranged in a plurality of directions (vertical and horizontal) at the front of the flow path of the primary coal orifice 22; however, one or more dividing elements 24 can be provided in the horizontal or in the vertical direction. When such dividing elements 24 are provided, since they function as the internal flame stabilization mechanism near the center of the pulverized coal burner 21 outlet opening, internal flame stabilization can be carried out by the dividing elements 24, and the central portion becomes more deficient in air, thus facilitating NOx reduction. Second modality
[00132] Next, a solid fuel burner according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described on the basis of figures 10A to 10C. Note that identical reference symbols are assigned with the same items in the aforementioned modality, and their detailed description will be omitted.
[00133] In a solid fuel burner 20A shown in the figures, the pulverized coal burner 21 includes the primary rectangular coal orifice 22 which injects pulverized coal transferred by the primary air and the secondary coal orifice 23 which is provided so as to involve the primary coal orifice 22 and which injects part of secondary air.
[00134] Secondary air injection ports 30A for injecting secondary air are provided above and below the solid fuel burner 21. Secondary air injection ports 30A are each divided into a plurality of independent flow paths and orifices, and the flow paths are provided with the respective air registers 40 which can adjust their degrees of opening, as a device for adjusting the air flow of the secondary air.
[00135] In an example configuration shown in the figures, both the secondary air injection orifices 30A arranged above and below the pulverized coal burner 21 are vertically divided into three orifices, which are internal secondary air orifices 31a and 31b, orifices of secondary secondary air 32a and 32b and external secondary air orifices 33a and 33b, arranged in that order from the inner side next to the pulverized coal burner 21 to the outer side. Note that the number of holes into which the secondary air injection ports 30 are each divided is not limited to three and can be appropriately changed according to conditions.
[00136] The above-described secondary coal orifice 23, internal secondary air orifices 31a and 31b, intermediate secondary air orifices 32a and 32b, and external secondary air orifices 33a and 33b are each connected to an air supply line 50 with an air supply source (not shown), as shown in figure 10C, for example. The air registers 40 are provided in flow paths that are branched from the air supply line 50 to communicate with the respective orifices. Therefore, by adjusting the degree of opening of each of the air registers 40, the amount of secondary air to be supplied can be independently adjusted for each of the orifices.
[00137] With the solid fuel burner 20A and the tangential firing boiler 10 that includes the solid fuel burner 20A, since each solid fuel burner 20A includes the pulverized coal burner 21, which injects pulverized coal and air, and the secondary air injection orifices 30A, each divided into three orifices and arranged above and below the pulverized coal burner 21, it is possible to carry out flow distribution in such a way that the amount of secondary air to be injected in the outer circumference of the flame F is set to a desired value by adjusting the degree of opening of the air register 40 for each of the holes into which the secondary air injection ports 30A are divided.
[00138] Therefore, when the proportion of distribution of the amount of secondary air to be injected into the internal secondary air orifices 31a and 31b, which are closest to the outer circumference of the flame F, is decreased, and those of the quantities of secondary air to be injected into the intermediate secondary air holes 32a and 32b and the external secondary air holes 33a and 33b are sequentially increased in proportion to the decrease, it is possible to suppress the region with remaining high-temperature local oxygen (hatched portion in the figure) H formed in the outer circumference of flame F.
[00139] In other words, when the proportion of the amount of secondary air to be injected on an external side away from flame F is increased, and the proportion of the amount of secondary air to be injected in the vicinity of the outer circumference of flame F is decreased , secondary air diffusion may be delayed. As a result, the concentration of secondary air in the circumference of the flame F can be prevented or eliminated and, therefore, the region with remaining oxygen of local high temperature H is weakened and reduced in size, thus decreasing the amount of NOx produced in the boiler of tangential firing 10. In other words, when the amount of secondary air to be injected into the outer circumference of flame F is duly specified, the formation of the region with remaining high temperature oxygen H can be eliminated or prevented from achieving a decrease in the amount of NOx in the tangential firing boiler 10.
[00140] On the other hand, when diffusion of secondary air is necessary because of the properties of pulverized coal or the like, it is merely necessary to invert the distribution proportions for the secondary air injection holes 30A, specifically, to increase the distribution proportions for the internal secondary air holes 31a and 31b.
[00141] Specifically, even when pulverized coal obtained by spraying coal with a different fuel ratio is used, such as including a large amount of volatile components, the distribution of secondary air flow to be injected through each of the orifices into which the secondary air injection ports 30A are divided and adjusted accordingly, thus making it possible to select the appropriate combustion with both a decrease in the amount of NOx and unburned fuel.
[00142] Splitting the secondary air injection ports 30A into a plurality of orifices to provide multiple stages in this manner can also be applied to the solid fuel burner 20 previously described in the first embodiment.
[00143] Incidentally, as in a first modification of this modality, shown in figures 11A and 11B, for example, the aforementioned solid fuel burner 20A is preferably provided with a dividing element 24 disposed at one end of the pulverized coal burner nozzle 21 in order to vertically divide the opening area.
[00144] The dividing element 24 shown in the figures has a triangular shape in cross section and is arranged in a way to vertically divide and diffuse pulverized coal and primary air that flow into the nozzle, thereby improving flame stabilization and suppressing or preventing formation of the region with remaining high temperature H oxygen.
[00145] Specifically, when pulverized coal and primary air pass through the dividing element 24, a flow of a high concentration of pulverized coal is formed at the outer circumference of the dividing element 24, which is effective in improving the stabilization of the flame. The flow of a high concentration of pulverized coal formed by passing through the dividing element 24 flows to an area of negative pressure formed on one side downstream of the dividing element 24, indicated by the dashed arrows fa in the figure. As a result, flame F is also pulled into the area of negative pressure because of this air flow, thereby further increasing the stabilization of the flame and thus facilitating combustion to consume oxygen quickly.
[00146] Note that the number of dividing elements 24 is not limited to one and, for example, a plurality of dividing elements 24 can be provided in the same direction, or a plurality of dividing elements 24 can be provided in different directions, as described in the first modality. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the divider element 24 can be modified accordingly.
[00147] Furthermore, as in a second modification of this modality, shown in figure 12, for example, the aforementioned solid fuel burner 20A is preferably provided with one or more side secondary air holes 34R and one or more side air holes side 34L on the right and left sides of the pulverized coal burner 21. In an example configuration shown in the figure, a side secondary air orifice 34R and a side secondary air orifice 34L, which are each provided with an air duct ( not shown), are provided on the right and left sides of the pulverized coal burner 21; but they can each be divided into a plurality of orifices whose flow can be controlled.
[00148] With this configuration, secondary air can also be distributed on the right and left sides of flame F, thereby preventing excessive secondary air on the top and bottom sides of flame F. In other words, the distribution of the amount of secondary air to be injected on the upper and lower sides and on the right and left sides of the outer circumference of the flame F can be properly adjusted, thus allowing a more accurate flow distribution.
[00149] These side secondary air holes 34L and 34R can also be applied in the first mode described above.
[00150] Additionally, in the aforementioned tangential firing boiler 10, the secondary air injection orifice 30A is preferably provided with an angle adjustment mechanism that vertically changes the direction of secondary air injection into the furnace 11, as shown in figure 13, for example. The angle adjustment mechanism vertically changes the inclination angle θ of the secondary air injection port 30A in relation to a level position and facilitates the diffusion of secondary air, preventing or suppressing the formation of the region with remaining high temperature oxygen H. Note that, in this case, a suitable tilt angle θ is approximately ± 30 degrees, and a more desirable tilt angle θ is ± 15 degrees.
[00151] With this angle adjustment mechanism, since the angle at which secondary air is injected through the secondary air injection port 30A towards flame F in oven 11 can be adjusted, air diffusion in oven 11 can be adjusted. be more precisely controlled. In particular, in a case where the type of pulverized fuel coal is significantly changed, if the secondary air injection angle is appropriately changed, the NOx-lowering effect can be further improved.
[00152] This angle adjustment mechanism can also be applied in the first mode described above.
[00153] Additionally, in the aforementioned tangential firing boiler 10, it is preferable that the distribution of the amounts of air to be injected through the secondary air injection holes 30A is adjusted through the feedback control of the opening degrees of the air registers 40, based on the amounts of unburned fuel and NOx emission.
[00154] Specifically, in the tangential firing boiler 10, when the amount of unburned fuel is high, the distribution of secondary air in the internal secondary air orifices 31a and 31b, which are close to the outer circumferential surface of flame F, is increased ; and, when the amount of NOx emission is high, the distribution of secondary air in the external secondary air orifices 33a and 33b, which are distant from the outer circumferential surface of flame F, is increased.
[00155] In this case, an instrument to measure the carbon concentration from the scattering of laser light can be used to measure the amount of unburned fuel, and a known measuring instrument can be used to measure the amount of NOx emission .
[00156] When this feedback control is carried out, the tangential firing boiler 10 can automatically optimize the distribution of secondary air according to the state of combustion.
[00157] Additionally, in the aforementioned tangential firing boiler 10, the amounts of secondary air to be injected through the secondary air injection holes 30A are preferably distributed between multistage injections, which makes a region from the burner section 12 to section AA 14 the reducing atmosphere.
[00158] Specifically, the amount of secondary air to be injected through the secondary air injection ports 30A, which are each divided into a plurality of orifices, can be decreased using two-stage combustion where air is also injected by section AA 14 in multistages. Therefore, the amount of NOx produced can be further decreased because of the synergy between the decrease in NOx through the suppression of the region with remaining high temperature oxygen H formed in the outer circumference of flame F and a decrease in NOx in the exhaust flue gas caused by the provision of the reducing atmosphere.
[00159] In this way, according to the aforementioned tangential firing boiler 10 of the present invention, since the amount of secondary air to be injected through the secondary air injection orifices 30A which are each divided into a plurality of orifices is adjusted for each of the orifices, it is possible to prevent or suppress the concentration of secondary air in the outer circumference of flame F, and thus suppress the region with remaining high temperature oxygen H formed in the outer circumference of flame F, thus decreasing the amount of NOx produced.
[00160] In the aforementioned modalities, although a description of the tangential burning boiler 10 has been made, in which air is injected in multistages to make the region from the burner section 12 to section AA 14 the reducing atmosphere, the present invention is not limited to this.
[00161] Additionally, as shown in figure 14, for example, in the aforementioned solid fuel burner 20A, it is preferable to separate a system for supplying air to the secondary coal orifice 23 from the pulverized coal burner 21 from a system for supplying air to the orifices secondary air injection system. In an example configuration shown in the figure, air supply line 50 is divided into a secondary coal orifice supply line 51 and a secondary air injection orifice supply line 52, and supply lines 51 and 52 are provided with air registers 41.
[00162] With such air supply systems, it is possible to distribute the amount of air by adjusting the degree of the openings of the respective air registers 41 for the secondary orifice supply line 51 and the supply orifice supply line. secondary air injection 52 and additionally adjust the amount of air for each orifice by adjusting the degree of opening of each of the air registers 40. As a result, the amount of air for each orifice can be reliably adjusted even when the secondary air injection ports 30A are each divided into a plurality of ports to provide multiple stages.
[00163] The first and second modes described above are not limited to separate use, but can also be used in combination.
[00164] In a solid fuel burner 20B shown in figure 15, both secondary air injection holes 30A arranged above and below the pulverized coal burner 21 shown in figure 9 are each divided into three holes in the vertical direction. Specifically, the solid fuel burner 20B shown in the figure has an exemplary configuration in which the internal flame stabilization carried out by the dividing elements 24 and the flow adjustment mechanism 25 is combined with the multistage secondary air injection orifices 30A.
[00165] Since the solid fuel burner thus configured 20B can decrease the amount of NOx through internal flame stabilization and can also adjust the speed of secondary air diffusion to optimize the diffusion of air in the flame, the required amount of air for combustion of volatile components and tar can be supplied at an appropriate time. In other words, by performing internal flame stabilization and adjusting the speed of diffusion of secondary air, an additional decrease in the amount of NOx can be achieved because of the synergy of the two.
[00166] Note that the cross sectional shape and the arrangement of the dividing elements 24, the presence or absence of the flow adjustment mechanism 25, the split count of the secondary air injection orifice 30A, and the presence or absence of the secondary side air 34L and 34R are not limited to those in the configurations shown in the figures, and a configuration in which the above-described items are properly selected and combined can be used.
[00167] Additionally, in the modality and modifications in which the 30A multistage secondary air injection ports are used, some of the 30A secondary air injection ports can be used as oil ports.
[00168] Specifically, in a solid fuel boiler such as the tangential burning boiler 10, an operation performed using gas or oil as fuel is necessary to start the boiler, thus requiring an oil burner to inject oil into the oven 11. Then, in a starting period that requires the oil burner, the external secondary air orifices 33a and 33b of the multistage secondary air injection orifices 30A are temporarily used as oil orifices, for example, and thus it is possible to decrease the number of holes used in the solid fuel burner, reducing the boiler height.
[00169] Next, a solid fuel burner suitable for use in a wall burning boiler will be described with reference to figure 16.
[00170] In a solid fuel burner 20C shown in the figure, a secondary air injection orifice 30B that includes a plurality of concentric orifices is provided on the outer circumference of a primary coal orifice 22A with a circular shape in cross section. The secondary air injection port 30B shown in the figure consists of two stages, that is, an internal secondary air injection port 31 and an external secondary air injection port 33, but the configuration of the secondary air injection port 30B is not limited to this.
[00171] Additionally, a total of four dividing elements 24 in two different directions (vertical and horizontal) are arranged in a grid-like pattern in the center of the primary coal outlet 22A. Note that the number of dividing elements 24, their arrangement and their cross sectional shape described in the first embodiment can be applied to the dividing elements 24 used in this case.
[00172] Since the solid fuel burner the so configured 20C gradually supplies secondary air, it does not provide excessive reducing atmosphere, but in general it provides a short flame and a strong reducing atmosphere, thus decreasing sulfide corrosion, etc. caused by the hydrogen sulfide produced.
[00173] In this way, in solid fuel burners of the modes and modifications described above, since the dividing elements arranged in a plurality of directions that function as the internal flame stabilization mechanism are provided in the outlet opening of the pulverized coal burner , the pulverized fuel and air flow path is divided to disrupt its flow, near the center of the fuel burner outlet opening where the dividing elements intersect. Since this disturbance facilitates uniform mixing and diffusion of air in the flame and, in addition, the dividing elements divide the ignition surface to make it easier for oxygen to enter the central portion of the flame, the ignition position is close to the center of the flame, decreasing the amount of unburned fuel. Specifically, since internal ignition is effectively carried out using oxygen in the central portion of the flame, the reduction takes place quickly in the flame and, as a result, the amount of NOx produced eventually emitted by the solid fuel boiler with the solid fuel burner is decreased.
[00174] Additionally, when the secondary air injection holes are made to provide multiple stages to adjust the secondary air injection, the concentration of the secondary air in the outer circumference of the flame can be prevented or eliminated, thus suppressing the region with remaining oxygen high temperature formed in the outer circumference of the flame, decreasing the amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx) produced.
[00175] Additionally, since the solid fuel burner and the solid fuel boiler with the solid fuel burner according to the present invention can perform powerful ignition in the flame and can increase the air ratio in the burner section, It is possible to decrease the excess air rate in the entire boiler to approximately 1.0 to 1.1, thus leading to a boiler efficiency improvement effect. Note that a conventional solid fuel burner and a conventional solid fuel boiler are normally operated at an air rate in excess of approximately 1.15, and thus the air ratio can be decreased by approximately 0.05 to 0.15.
[00176] Figures 17 to 22 are graphs of experimental results showing advantages of the present invention.
[00177] Figure 17 is a graph of an experimental result showing the relationship between a position of the flame stabilizer in the internal flame stabilization and the amount of NOx produced (relative value). In this case, the width (height) of the dividing elements 24A that function as a flame stabilizer is indicated by the position of the flame stabilizer a, and the width of a flow path into which the pulverized coal actually flows is indicated by the width of the flame flow. real pulverized coal b, in the comparative examples shown in figure 18. In the graph, "a / b" is indicated on the horizontal axis, and the relative value of the amount of NOx produced is indicated on the vertical axis. Note that, although the dividing element 24A shown in figure 6B is employed in figure 18, the type of dividing element is not limited to this.
[00178] In this experiment, the quantities of NOx produced in comparative example 1 (a / b = 0.77) and comparative example 2 (a / b = 0.4) were measured with the same speed of primary air flow and coal sprayed, the same speed of secondary air flow, and the same air distribution between primary air and secondary air.
[00179] Here, in the primary coal orifice 22 used in Comparative Example 1, an inverted core 26 that serves as an obstacle is disposed in the flow path and, therefore, pulverized coal drains out with a width b that matches approximately a width of the inner wall of the inverted core 26. On the other hand, in the primary coal hole 22 used in comparative example 2, pulverized coal seeps along the inner wall of an unimpeded flow path and drains out with a width b that matches approximately the width of the flow path. Therefore, even with the same position of the flame stabilizer a and the same internal diameter of the primary coal holes 22, the presence or absence of an obstacle causes a difference in the flow width of the actual pulverized coal b, which is the denominator e, as a result from this, the amount of NOx produced is different.
[00180] In other words, the experimental result shown in figure 17 indicates that when the ratio (a / b) of the width a of the dividing elements to the flow width of the actual pulverized coal b is established at approximately 75% or less, the amount of NOx produced is decreased.
[00181] Specifically, according to this experimental result, it is understood that when the ratio (a / b) of the width one of the dividing elements to the flow width of the actual pulverized coal b is decreased from 0.77 to 0, 4, the relative value of the amount of NOx produced is reduced to 0.75, leading to a decrease of approximately 25%. In other words, it is understood that, by optimizing the width of one of the dividing elements that works as the internal flame stabilization mechanism, it is effective to decrease NOx in the solid fuel burner and in the solid fuel boiler.
[00182] At this moment, if fluctuations occur when the flow adjustment mechanism 25 is not provided, the positions of the dividing elements can be on an external side with respect to the pulverized coal flow, resulting in an increase of NOx. flow adjustment mechanism is important.
[00183] Figure 19 is a graph of an experimental result showing the relationship between the divided occupation and the amount of NOx produced (relative value). Specifically, it is an experimental graph showing how the amount of NOx produced changes according to the ratio of the aforementioned width of one of the dividing elements to the height (width) of the primary coal hole 22.
[00184] According to this experimental result, the greater the divided occupation, the smaller the amount of NOx produced; and, therefore, it is understood that the installation of dividing elements is effective in reducing NOx.
[00185] On the other hand, according to the aforementioned experimental result shown in figure 17, when the ratio (a / b) of the width of one of the dividing elements to the flow width of the actual pulverized coal is decreased, the relative value of the amount of NOx produced is also decreased and, therefore, the installation of dividing elements with an appropriate width a is necessary to decrease the amount of NOx produced. In other words, in internal flame stabilization, in order to decrease the amount of NOx produced, it is important to provide dividing elements with an appropriate width and to improve ignition, thereby emitting and reducing NOx more quickly.
[00186] Figure 20 shows a comparison of the amount of unburned fuel produced for the case of a division in one direction where dividing elements are arranged in one direction and the case of a cross division in which dividing elements are arranged in a plurality of directions. In this experiment, the same conditions as the experiment shown in figure 17 are specified, and the amount of unburned fuel produced is compared between the split in one direction and the cross split.
[00187] According to the experimental result, the relative value of the amount of unburnt fuel produced when the cross division is 0.75 in relation to the amount of unburnt fuel produced when the split in one direction is used, and it is understood that the amount of unburned fuel produced is reduced by approximately 25%. Specifically, the cross-division, in which the dividing elements are arranged in a plurality of directions, is effective in decreasing the amount of unburned fuel in the solid fuel burner and in the solid fuel boiler.
[00188] From the experimental result shown in figure 20, it is conceivable that, by arranging the dividing elements in different directions, the ignition in the flame is further intensified, and the diffusion of air into the flame is improved, thus decreasing the amount of unburned fuel.
[00189] On the other hand, it is conceivable that the amount of unburned fuel is higher when the split in one direction is used, due to the air being supplied on the outside of the flame, thus delaying the diffusion of air to the flame formed on the inner side.
[00190] An experimental result shown in figure 21 is obtained by comparing the quantities of NOx produced in a burner section, in a region from the burner section to an AA section, and in the AA section, for a conventional solid fuel burner and the solid fuel burner of the present invention; and the values relating to the amount of NOx produced in section AA of the conventional solid fuel burner, which is set at a reference value of 1, are shown. Note that the dividing elements arranged in a plurality of directions, as shown in figure 1A, for example, are used to obtain this experimental result.
[00191] Additionally, this experimental result is obtained by comparing the same amount of unburned fuel, and the air ratio (the ratio of the amount of injected air that is obtained by subtracting the amount of additional injected air from the total amount of injected air, relative to the total amount of injected air) in the region from the burner section to the AA section is set at 0.8 in conventional technology and is set at 0.9 in the present invention. The total amount of injected air used here is an actual amount of injected air determined based on the rate of excess air. Note that when the additional air injection rate is set at 30% and the excess air rate is set at 1.15, the air ratio in the region from the burner section to the AA section is approximately 0.8 ( the air ratio in the region from the burner section to the section AA = 1.15 x (1 - 0.3) «0.8).
[00192] According to this experimental result, the amount of NOx eventually produced by section AA is reduced to 0.6, a 40% decrease compared to conventional technology. It is conceivable that this is because the present invention employs internal flame stabilization by arranging dividing elements in a plurality of directions to further improve the ignition by the dividing elements, thus producing NOx in the flame and effectively reducing NOx.
[00193] Furthermore, in the present invention, since the mixture in the flame is excellent, the combustion approaches the premix combustion, providing more uniform combustion and, thus, it is confirmed that a sufficient reducing capacity is provided even at an air ratio of 0.9.
[00194] Specifically, in conventional technology, since a high temperature high oxygen region is formed on the outer circumference of the flame and thus approximately 30% additional air injection (AA) is needed to sufficiently reduce NOx, it is necessary decrease the air ratio in the region from the burner section to the AA section to approximately 0.8. Therefore, since approximately 30% of the total amount of injected air, determined in consideration of the excess air rate, is injected in section AA, NOx is also produced in section AA.
[00195] However, in the present invention, since combustion can be carried out even at an air ratio of approximately 0.9 in the region from the burner section to the AA section, the amount of additional air injected can be decreased to approximately 0 20% of the total amount of air injected, determined in consideration of the excess air rate. Therefore, the amount of NOx produced in section AA can also be eliminated, thereby eventually allowing a decrease of approximately 40% in the amount of NOx produced.
[00196] In figure 22, the horizontal axis indicates the air ratio in the region from the burner section to the AA section, and the vertical axis indicates the relative value of the amount of NOx produced. According to this experimental result, in the present invention, an air ratio of 0.9 is the ideal value in the vicinity of the burner, in which a decrease of approximately 40% in NOx has been confirmed. Therefore, by figure 22, the ratio of air in the region from the burner section to the AA section, which is the ratio of the amount of injected air obtained by subtracting the amount of additional injected air from the total amount of injected air to the total amount of air injected determined in consideration of the excess air rate, is preferably set at 0.85 or more, in which the amount of NOx can be decreased by approximately 30%, and is most preferably set at the ideal value of 0.9 or more.
[00197] In the experimental result of the present invention, the amount of NOx produced is increased to 1 or more around the air ratio of 0.8 because NOx is produced because of the additional air injection.
[00198] Additionally, the upper limit of the air ratio differs depending on the fuel ratio: it is 0.95 when the fuel ratio is 1.5 or more, and it is 1.0 when the fuel ratio is less than 1, 5. The fuel ratio in this case is the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile components (fixed carbon / volatile components) in the fuel.
[00199] In this way, according to this aforementioned modality, the pulverized coal burner 21, which has internal flame stabilization, and the secondary air injection holes 30, which do not perform flame stabilization, are provided, and the reason of air in the pulverized coal burner 21 is set at 0.85 or more, preferably at 0.9 or more, thereby decreasing the amount of additional air injected in section AA 14 and also decreasing the amount of NOx produced in section AA 14. Additionally, once the region with remaining high-temperature oxygen H formed on the outer circumference of the flame is eliminated, and NOx produced in the flame, in which combustion of the pre-mixture that approaches combustion is achieved, is effectively reduced, the The amount of NOx eventually emitted by section AA 14 is decreased through a decrease in the amount of NOx that reaches section AA 14 and through a decrease in the amount of NOx produced in section AA 14 because of the additional air injection.
[00200] As a result, in the solid fuel burner 20 and in the tangential burning boiler 10, the amount of NOx eventually produced to be emitted by section AA 14 is reduced.
[00201] Additionally, using a solid fuel burner operation method in which the operation is carried out with the air ratio in the pulverized coal burner 21 set at 0.85 or more, the amount of air (the amount of additional air injected) in section AA 14 is decreased, compared to a case in which the air ratio is 0.8, for example, and so the amount of NOx eventually produced is decreased in section AA 14 where the amount of additional injected air is decreased .
[00202] Note that the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned modalities, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from its scope. For example, pulverized solid fuel is not limited to pulverized coal. LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNALS 10 Tangential firing boiler 11 Oven 12 Burner section 14 Additional air injection section (section AA) 20, 20A-20C Solid fuel burner 21 Pulverized coal burner (Fuel burner) 22 Primary orifice of coal 23 Secondary coal orifice 24, 24A, 24B Divider element 25 Flow adjustment mechanism 30, 30A Secondary air injection orifice 31, 31a, 31b Internal secondary air orifice 32a, 32b Intermediate secondary air orifice 33, 33a, 33b External secondary air orifice 34L, 34R Side secondary air orifice 40, 41 Air register F Flame H Region with remaining high temperature oxygen

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[0001]
1. Solid fuel ignition burner (20; 20A; 20B; 20C) characterized by the fact that it is used in a burner section (12) of a solid fuel boiler (10) to perform low NOx combustion separately in the burner (12) and in an additional air injection section (14), the solid fuel burner (20; 20A; 20B; 20C) comprising: a fuel burner (21) for injecting pulverized solid fuel and air into an oven (11) of the boiler (10), the fuel burner (21) comprising a primary coal orifice (22) for injecting pulverized solid fuel transferred by the primary air to the furnace (11), said primary coal orifice (22) having dividing elements (24) arranged in a plurality of directions in a grid-like pattern to provide crossed parts in which the dividing elements (24) intersect near the center of the coal burner outlet opening (21) at a front of the flow path of the orifice pr a coal emitter (22) in order to function as an internal flame stabilization mechanism close to the center of the fuel burner outlet opening (21), and a secondary coal orifice (23) which is provided so as to involve the primary coal orifice (22) and is arranged to inject part of a secondary air, in which the coal burner (21) does not have a flame stabilization mechanism in the external circumference thereof; and secondary air injection ports (30; 30A; 34L; 34R; 30B) for injecting secondary air without performing flame stabilization, where secondary air injection ports (30; 30A; 34L; 34R; 30B) are arranged above and below and / or on the right and left sides of the fuel burner (21) and has an air flow adjustment device (40).
[0002]
2. Burner with ignition by solid fuel, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a length of the ignition surface (Lf) of the dividing elements (24), which is the total length of both sides of each of the dividing elements (24), it is established greater than the circumferential length of the outlet opening (L) of the fuel burner (21).
[0003]
3. Solid fuel ignition burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the dividing elements (24) are densely arranged in the center of a fuel burner outlet opening (21).
[0004]
4. Solid fuel ignition burner according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the dividing elements (24) are arranged in a grid-like pattern densely in the center of the outlet opening of the primary coal orifice (22) of the fuel burner (21) so that central portions of the primary coal orifice outlet opening (22), divided by the dividing elements (24), have smaller areas than other portions on their outer circumferential side.
[0005]
5. Solid fuel ignition burner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the secondary air injection holes (30A) are each divided into a plurality of flow paths (31a / b, 32a / b, 33a / b) independent, each with air flow adjustment device (40).
[0006]
6. Solid fuel ignition burner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises a flow adjustment mechanism (25) that applies a pressure loss to a flow of pulverized fuel and air supplied on one side upstream of the dividing elements (24).
[0007]
7. Solid fuel ignition burner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the secondary air injection holes (30A) are each provided with an angle adjustment mechanism.
[0008]
8. Solid fuel ignition burner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that a system (51) for supplying air in the secondary coal orifice (23) of the fuel burner (21) is separated of a system (52) to supply air to the secondary air injection ports (30A).
[0009]
9. Burner with ignition by solid fuel, according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the plurality of flow paths independent of the secondary air injection holes (30B) is concentrically provided around the fuel burner, which has a circular shape, in an external circumferential direction in multistages.
[0010]
10. Solid fuel ignition boiler (10) characterized by the fact that it comprises a solid fuel ignition burner (20; 20A; 20B; 20C) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, arranged in a corner or in a oven wall (11) of the boiler (10).
[0011]
11. Method of operation for a solid fuel ignition burner as defined in any of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that it is used in a burner section (12) of a solid fuel ignition boiler (10) for perform low NOx combustion separately in the burner section (12) and in an additional air injection section (14) which injects pulverized solid fuel and air into an oven (11) of the boiler (10), where the operation is carried out with an air ratio in the fuel burner (21) set at 0.85 or more.
[0012]
12. Method of operation according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the air ratio in the fuel burner (21) is set at 0.9 or more.
[0013]
13. Method of operation according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by the fact that the distribution of the amount of air to be injected through the secondary air injection ports is controlled by feedback based on the amount of unburned fuel and the amount emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx).
[0014]
Method of operation according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the amount of air to be injected from the secondary air injection holes (30; 30A; 34L; 34R; 30B) is distributed between multistage air injections to make a region from the burner section (12) to the additional air injection section (14) a reducing atmosphere.

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同族专利:

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ES2647923T3|2017-12-27|

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KR20120036337A|2012-04-17|

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JP2011127836A|2011-06-30|

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KR101327570B1|2013-11-12|

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BR112012001717A2|2016-04-12|

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TWI449867B|2014-08-21|

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CL2012000157A1|2012-11-30|

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MX345156B|2017-01-18|

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UA109719C2|2015-09-25|

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CN103292321B|2016-05-25|

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WO2011074281A1|2011-06-23|

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US10281142B2|2019-05-07|

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EP2623862A3|2013-10-16|

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TW201122372A|2011-07-01|

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US20120152158A1|2012-06-21|

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EP2515039A4|2013-10-16|

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PL2515039T3|2018-03-30|

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法律状态:
2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-05-26| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-10-06| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. (JP) |

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2020-11-10| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-19| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 19/01/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

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2021-04-13| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: MITSUBISHI POWER, LTD. (JP) |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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JP2009-286663|2009-12-17|

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JP2009286663A|JP2011127836A|2009-12-17|2009-12-17|Solid fuel burning burner and solid fuel burning boiler|

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PCT/JP2010/059607|WO2011074281A1|2009-12-17|2010-06-07|Solid fuel burner and solid fuel boiler|

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